Ikhibhodi yesiArabhu

Iinombolo zesiArabhu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo: Imbali, i-Evolution, kunye ne-Global Impact

Ixesha lokufunda: 6 imiz • Imbali yeNzululwazi

Iiglyphs esizisebenzisayo imihla ngemihla ukubala, ukulinganisa, ukuseta amaxabiso, okanye inkqubo (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) zibizwa jikelele "iinombolo zesiArabhu". Nangona kunjalo, imbali yabo isisiphumo sohambo olunomdla lwenkcubeko oludibanisa i-Indian genius, i-science synthesis ye-Arab-Islamic world (enxulunyaniswe ngokusondeleyo imbali yolwimi lwesi-Arabhu), kunye nokwamkelwa kweWest. Ukuqondaiinombolo zesiArabhu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo kuthetha ukuhlola isiseko semathematika yanamhlanje.

Kwakutheni ukuze le nkqubo ithabathel’ indawo amanani esiRoma? Lucwangciswe njani ubhalo lwalo, yaye ziziphi iinguqulelo zalo ehlabathini lonke? Esi sikhokelo sibanzi sityhila iimfihlo zobhalo lwedesimali.

1. Imvelaphi yeeNyumera zesi-Arabhu: Uhambo olusuka eIndiya ukuya eNtshona

Ngokuchaseneyo negama labo elinokuthi licebise xa uqala, ezi glyphs zazalelwa eIndiya malunga nenkulungwane yesi-3 BC. Iingcali zezibalo zaseIndiya zavelisa inkqubo yenguqu esekelwe kwiisimboli ezilishumi kunye nomgaqo wesikhundla.

Ngenkulungwane ye-8, phantsi kolawulo lwe-Abbasid eBaghdad, imibhalo yezibalo yaseIndiya yaguqulelwa kwisiArabhu. Yayiyingcali yezibalo yasePersi edumileyo uAl-Khwarizmi (ogama lakhe lavelisa igama elithialgorithm) eyamisela ngokusemthethweni ukusetyenziswa kwale nkqubo kumsebenzi wayo osisiseko. Wachaza iindlela zokubala ngokukhawuleza kwaye wazisa ezi glyphs kwinqanaba elikhulu kulawulo kunye norhwebo loBukhosi bamaSilamsi.

Kwaba ngamaSilamsi eSpeyin ( Al-Andalus ) kunye nomsebenzi kaPapa uSylvester II ( uGerbert wase-Aurillac ), kwaye kamva isazi sezibalo saseNtaliyaneFibonaccingenkulungwane ye-13, iYurophu yafumanisa aba bantu. Ngokulula, baphelisa ukuntsonkotha kwezibalo ze-abacus ezibekwe ngamanani aseRoma.

2. Inguquko yePosition Notation kunye neZero

Eyona asethi iphambili yamanani esiArabhu ilele kumagama amabini aphambili atshintshe isayensi:

Inkqubo yokumisela: Ixabiso ledijithi lixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwindawo yalo kwinani. Kwinani lama-252, i-"2" ngasekunene ixabisa iiyunithi ezimbini, ngelixa i-"2" ngasekhohlo ixabisa amakhulu amabini. Amanani aseRoma (njenge-CCV) awazange avumele oku kuguquguquka.
Ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-Zero ( Sifr - ٠): Igama lesi-Arabhu elithisifr (elithetha "ukungabi nanto") livelise amagama athi "cipher" kunye no "zero". U-Zero akakho nje ukungabikho kobuninzi; ngumsebenzi wemathematika oyimfuneko osebenza njengesiphawuli sendawo (esivumela ukuba sahlule ama-25 kuma-205).

3. IiNyumerali zesi-Arabhu zaseNtshona vs

Kukho ubuqili obukhulu bolwimi kunye nejografi. Iimpawu ezisetyenziswa eYurophu nakwihlabathi jikelele (1, 2, 3) zibizwa ngokuba “ziinombolo zesiArabhu zaseNtshona” okanye *iGhubar*. Zaye zaphuhliswa eMntla Afrika naseAndalusia.

Ngokwahlukileyo, kwi-Near and Middle East (i-Egypt, iSaudi Arabia, i-Iraq, i-UAE), "amanani e-Eastern Arabic" (okanye amanani e-Indo-Arabic) asetyenziswa kakhulu. Nantsi itheyibhile yokuthelekisa ukuqonda imbalelwano yabo ebonakalayo:

Amanani aseNtshona (Ghubar)	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
Amanani aseMpuma / Mashreq	٠	١	٢	٣	٤	٥	٦	٧	٨	٩

Umgaqo obalulekileyo wokufunda: Even though the Arabic language is written from right to left, amanani ahlala ebhaliwe kwaye efundwa ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene, whether using the Western or Eastern variant. Thus, thousands are written on the left, followed by hundreds, tens, and finally units.
                

4. Ukusetyenziswa kwangoku kunye neMpembelelo kwi-SEO yeDijithali

Kwi-ecosystem yewebhu yale mihla, amanani olawulo, iziphumlisi, nokubhala ngesiArabhu kubaluleke kakhulu kusetyenziso lwe-injini yokukhangela (SEO) kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamanye amazwe (i18n):

Umgangatho we-URL: Kwii-injini zokukhangela ezifana ne-Google, kucetyiswa kakhulu ukusebenzisa amanani e-Western Arabic (1, 2, 3) kwizakhiwo ze-URL, nakwiziza ezibhalwe ngesi-Arabhu, ukuphepha ii-encoding bugs (iikhowudi zeepesenti eziyinkimbinkimbi).
Ukusetyenziswa kwamazwe ngamazwe: Uninzi lwee-apps eziphathwayo kunye neewebhusayithi kuMbindi Mpuma ngoku zibonelela ngokutshintsha okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba baguqule ukuboniswa kwedatha yamanani (amaxabiso, izibalo, iinombolo zefowuni) phakathi kweeglyphs zaseMpuma kunye neNtshona ngokukhetha kwabo.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (FAQ)

Kutheni amanani aseMpuma (١, ٢, ٣) ngamanye amaxesha afana namanani ethu?

Kungenye indlela! Amanani ethu (1, 2, 3) aphuma kwinguquko yemibhalo yaseMpuma kunye neMaghrebi. Umzekelo, ukuba ujikelezisa amanani aseMpuma amabini (٢) 90 degrees ukuya ekhohlo, uqala ukubona imilo yedijithi yethu ye-2 ivela.

Iyintoni imvelaphi yentsomi yee-engile ukuchaza imilo yamanani?

Kukho ithiyori edumileyo (kodwa engachanekanga ngokwembali) ebanga ukuba inani ngalinye lesi-Arabhu lazotywa ngokususela kwinani leengile ekulo (i-1 inokuba ne-engile enye, isi-2 inokuba nee-engile ezimbini, njl. njl.). Ababhali-mbali bezeNzululwazi baye bangqina ukuba oku kuqalwa kade kunye nokuba ukuvela kweeglyphs kukujika nje.

Ngawaphi amazwe aseArabhu asebenzisa amanani ethu (1, 2, 3) yonke imihla?

Amazwe aseMaghreb (eMorocco, eAlgeria, eTunisia) phantse asebenzisa amanani aseNtshona yesiArabhu (1, 2, 3) kulawulo, imfundo, kunye neepleyiti zelayisensi. Amazwe aseLevant kunye neGulf akhetha amanani aseMpuma (١, ٢, ٣), nangona ukusetyenziswa kweskripthi saseNtshona kukhula ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yeteknoloji yedijithali.

Kucetyiswa iZixhobo zesiArabhu & Izibonelelo

Izixhobo eziyimfuneko ezikwi-intanethi zokuphucula ukuchwetheza kwakho kwesiArabhu, uguqulelo, kunye namava okufunda:

Ikhibhodi yesiArabhu ekwi-Intanethi – chwetheza oonobumba besiArabhu ngokulula ngekhibhodi yethu ekrelekrele enenyani.
Umguquli wesiArabhu kwi-Intanethi – guqulela amagama esiArabhu, izivakalisi, kunye nezicatshulwa ngoko nangoko.
Isiguquli sombhalo wesiArabhu – lungisa ukumila kweskripthi sesiArabhu kunye nesalathiso soyilo kunye nezixhobo zokuhlela.

Ukuqukumbela

Uphononongoiinombolo zesiArabhu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazokugxininisa ubume bendalo besayensi. Ngokucombulula imiqobo yokuma komhlaba, le nkqubo inempumelelo kakhulu yokubala amanani ibangele ukuba kukhule ialgebra, ubalo lwale mihla, inzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi, kutshanje, nekhompyutha. Ngokwamkela ezi simboli zilula zilishumi, uluntu luzinike ulwimi lwemathematika oluqhelekileyo, olululwelo nolungenamda.

Ukuqala ukuchwetheza nokuziqhelanisa kwangoko, zama ikhibhodi yesiArabic yasimahla kwi-intanethi.