Keyboard ʻAlapia
Nā ʻokoʻa Dialectal ma ka ʻōlelo ʻAlapia: Ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka ʻāina
ʻIke pinepine ʻia ka ʻōlelo Arab ma ke ʻano he poloka homogeneous i kaʻana like ʻia e nā haneli miliona o nā mea ʻōlelo. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻōlelo maoli ma ka honua. ʻokoʻa dialectale kiʻi i kahi mosaic moʻomeheu hoihoi kahi i hoʻomaopopo ʻole ʻia ai kahi huaʻōlelo i hoʻohana ʻia ma Casablanca ma Baghdad. ʻO kēia ʻokoʻa ka waiwai a me ka paʻakikī o ka ʻōlelo Arabic i kēlā me kēia lā.
No nā haumāna, ka poʻe huakaʻi, a i ʻole ka poʻe loea, hiki ke huikau ka hoʻokele ʻana i kēia mau ʻano like ʻole. Hoʻopuka kēia alakaʻi piha i ke ʻano o ka diglossia a me nā kikoʻī i nā hui nui o nā dialect Arabic.
1. Ka Phenomenon of Diglossia: Standard Arabic vs. Dialects
No ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa dialectal, pono e hoʻomaopopo mua i ka manaʻo o diglossia, nāna i hoʻokumu i ka moolelo o ka ʻōlelo ʻAlapia. Noho ka honua Arab ma lalo o kahi ʻōnaehana kahi e noho pū ai nā ʻano ʻelua o ka ʻōlelo like:
- ʻŌlelo Arabic maʻamau (MSA) / Al-Fusha:ʻO kēia ka ʻōlelo kūhelu, ākea, a kākau ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma nā puke, nā nūpepa, nā haʻiʻōlelo politika, ka hoʻonaʻauao, a me nā nūhou TV. Hoʻomaopopo nā kānaka a pau i ke kula, akā ʻaʻohe mea e ʻōlelo ma ke ʻano he ʻōlelo makuahine.
- 'Ōlelo Arabic / Al-Amiya a iʻole Darija:ʻO kēia ka'ōlelo o ka puʻuwai, ka home, ke alanui, nā mele, a me nā kamaʻilio i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻAʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke kākau ʻana a ʻano like ʻole ia mai kekahi ʻāina a i kekahi.
2. Nā Pūʻulu ʻEhā Nui o ka Honua Arab
ʻOiai ua loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻāina kona mau subtleties, hui pū ka poʻe linguists i ka ʻōlelo Arab colloquial i ʻehā mau ʻohana ʻāina nui:
ʻO ka Maghrebi (Darija)
Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ma Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, a me Libya, ʻike ʻia ka ʻōlelo Maghrebi e ka mana ikaika mai Berber (Tamazight), a me nā hōʻaiʻē nui mai Farani a me Sepania. Hōʻike ʻia kāna phonetics e ka hoʻopau ikaika ʻana o nā vowel pōkole, e wikiwiki a paʻakikī hoʻi ia e hoʻomaopopo no ka Middle East Arabs.
ʻO ʻAigupita (Masri)
Mahalo i ka mana mōʻaukala o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻAigupita, nā mele (Umm Kulthum), a me nā ʻano kīwī, ʻo ka dialect Cairo ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia ma ka honua Arab holoʻokoʻa. ʻO kona ʻano kaulana loa ʻo ia ka haʻi ʻana o ka leka Jeem(ج) ma ke ʻano he "G" paʻakikī (e like me ka "puka").
ʻO ka Levantine (Chami)
Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ma Lebanona, Suria, Ioredane, a me Palesetina, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka ʻōlelo Levantine he palupalu a me ke mele. Ua mālama ʻo ia i nā ʻāpana o ka Aramaic (ka ʻōlelo kahiko o ka ʻāina) a loaʻa i nā nuances o ka ʻōlelo ʻokoʻa ma muli o ke kūlanakauhale a i ʻole ka ʻāina.
ʻO ke Kaikuono (Khaliji) a me Iraqi
Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ma Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, a me Oman, ʻoi aku ka pili o ke kelepona a me ka grammatically ʻo Khaliji i ka Arabic kahiko ma mua o nā ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ma muli o ke kaʻawale ʻāina mōʻaukala o ka peninsula.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻŌlelo: Hoʻokahi Huaʻōlelo, Nui ʻOiaʻiʻo
No ka wehewehe pono ʻana i kēia mau ʻokoʻa dialectal, eia ke ʻano o ka unuhi ʻia ʻana o kekahi nā ʻōlelo ʻAlapia maʻamau ma muli o ka ʻāina.
| Palani | ʻAlapia maʻamau (Fusha) | Maghrebi (Darija) | ʻAigupita | Levantine |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pehea ʻoe? | Kayfa haluk? | Kifach daier? / Labas? | Izzayak? (m) / Izzayik? (f) | Kifak? (m) / Kifik? (f) |
| He aha kou makemake? | Madha turid? | Chno bghiti? | ʻAe eih? | Chou baddak? |
| I kēia manawa | Al-An | Daba / Tawa | Delwati | Hala' |
| Nui / Nui | Jiddan | Bezzaf / Barcha | Awi | Kteer |
3. No ke aha ia ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka dialectal?
Hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ka puka ʻana o kēia mau ʻano e nā kumu nui ʻekolu:
- ʻO ka linguistic substrate: I ka laha ʻana o ka ʻōlelo ʻArabia i ka wā o ka naʻi ʻana o ka Islam, ua hoʻopiʻi ʻo ia ma luna o nā ʻōlelo kūloko i ʻōlelo ʻia (Coptic ma ʻAigupita, Phoenician a me Aramaic i ka Levant, Berber ma ʻApelika ʻĀkau). Ua kala nui kēia mau ʻōlelo i ka ʻōlelo Arabic.
- Koloni a me ka mōʻaukala hou:ʻO nā nalu o ka mana mai ka ʻOttoman Empire, i ukali ʻia e Farani, Pelekane, a me Italia, ua hoʻokomo i nā haneli o nā huaʻōlelo ʻEulopa i nā huaʻōlelo o kēlā me kēia lā.
- Geography: ʻO nā mamao ākea a me nā pale kūlohelohe (nā wao nahele, nā mauna) ka poʻe kaʻawale i ka mōʻaukala, e makemake ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻōlelo kūʻokoʻa.
Nā nīnau i nīnau pinepine ʻia (FAQ)
He aha ka ʻōlelo ʻAlapia āu e aʻo mua ai?
Aia ke koho i kāu mau pahuhopu. Inā makemake ʻoe no ka diplomacy, ʻoihana honua, a i ʻole media, pono ka Modern Standard Arabic. Inā makemake ʻoe e kamaʻilio maʻalahi i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā ma nā wahi āpau, ʻo ʻAigupita a i ʻole Levantine nā koho maikaʻi loa ma muli o ko lākou kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike like.
Hoʻomaopopo mau anei nā ʻArabia ʻelua mai nā ʻāina like ʻole?
Ma ka laulā, ʻae. ʻOiai hiki i ka Moroccan Darija ke hoʻopuka i nā pilikia no kahi kamaʻāina Dubai, e hoʻololi maoli nā mea ʻōlelo ʻelua i kā lākou ʻōlelo (kahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo linguistic accommodation) ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo kokoke i ka ʻAigupita a i ʻole ka ʻōlelo Arab kahiko e hoʻomaopopo kekahi i kekahi.
Ua kākau ʻia ka dialect ma ka Pūnaewele?
ʻAe, nui loa. Me ka hiki ʻana mai o nā ʻoihana pūnaewele a me nā polokalamu leka uila, ua kākau ʻia nā dialects ma mua o ka wā ma mua, me ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana i ka alphabet Arabic a i ʻole "Araby" (Arabizi)—he ʻōnaehana e hoʻohana ana i nā leka Latin a me nā helu (e like me 3 no ka 'ayn a i ʻole 7 no ka ha) e unuhi i nā leo ʻAlapia.
Na Mea Hana Arab & Nā kumuwaiwai
Nā mea hana pono pūnaewele e hoʻomaikaʻi i kāu ʻano kikokiko ʻōlelo Arabic, unuhi, a me ka ʻike aʻo:
- Alapia Keyboard Online – e paʻi maʻalahi i nā huaʻōlelo ʻAlapia me kā mākou papa keyboard virtual akamai.
- Unuhi ʻAlapia ma ka pūnaewele – unuhi koke i nā huaʻōlelo ʻAlapia, nā ʻōlelo, a me nā kikokikona.
- Ka mea hoʻololi kikokikona ʻAlapia – hoʻoponopono i ka hana ʻana a me ka kuhikuhi ʻana i ka palapala ʻōlelo Arabic no ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana.
Ka hopena
ʻO ka hoʻokokoke ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa dialectal o ka ʻōlelo ʻAlapia ʻaʻole pono e ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he pale, akā ma ke ʻano he wahi komo i ka ʻokoʻa moʻomeheu kupaianaha o ka honua Arab. Hoʻohui ka Arabic Arabic i nā manaʻo ma o ke kākau ʻana, ʻoiai nā dialects e hui pū i nā naʻau ma o ka ʻōlelo. ʻO ke aʻo ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻomaopopo wale ʻana i kēia mau alahaka ʻōlelo ke kī i ka ʻike ʻana i ka kaiapuni ʻoiaʻiʻo i waena o kāna mau mea haʻiʻōlelo.
No ka hoʻomaka ʻana e paʻi a hoʻomaʻamaʻa koke, e hoʻāʻo i kā mākou pāpā ʻōlelo Arabic manuahi ma ka pūnaewele.