Keyboard ʻAlapia
Nā rula Grammar Arabic: He alakaʻi piha a maʻalahi
He kaulana ka ʻōlelo ʻArabia no ka paʻakikī, akā ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻōlelo loea a me ka makemakika ma ka honua. Nā rula grammar Arabic(i kapa ʻia ʻo Al-Qawaʻid) ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma kahi ʻōnaehana o ka pololei kupaianaha. Ke hoʻomaopopo ʻoe i kāna mau hana nui, paʻa ʻoe i ke kī no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā kikokikona kahiko, mai ka Quran a i nā palapala hou.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka grammar Arabic i ʻelua mau ʻepekema nui: Nahw(syntax, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hana o nā huaʻōlelo i loko o ka huaʻōlelo a me kā lākou mau hopena) a me Sarf(morphology, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke ʻano o loko o nā huaʻōlelo). Hōʻike kēia alakaʻi i nā loina kumu e ʻike ai e hoʻomaka i kahi hoʻomaka maikaʻi.
1. ʻO nā ʻano huaʻōlelo ʻekolu (Aqsam Al-Kalima)
ʻAʻole like me ka ʻōlelo Pelekania e hoʻokaʻawale i nā nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, conjunctions, etc., Arabic masterfully simplify classification. Pono kēlā me kēia huaʻōlelo (Kalima) ma ka ʻōlelo ʻAlapia i kekahi o kēia ʻekolu waeʻano :
- Ka Noun (Ism - اسم): Hoʻopili ia i ka mea a mākou i kapa ai ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania (kanaka, hale), adjectives (kiʻekiʻe, nani), pronouns (he, me), a me nā adverbs o ka manawa / wahi (i kēia lā, ma mua o). Hiki i kahi inoa ma ka ʻōlelo ʻAlapia ke lawe i ka ʻatikala maopopo "Al" (ال) a i ʻole "Tanwin" (vowel pālua ma ka hopena).
- Ka Verb (Fi'l - فعل): Hōʻike ia i kahi hana i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi manawa (i hala, i kēia manawa/hiki, a i ʻole imperative). Laʻana: Kataba (كَتَبَ - ua kākau ʻo ia).
- Ka Māhele (Harf - حرف): He mau huaʻōlelo liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi kēia i loaʻa ka manaʻo piha i ka wā e pili ana me kahi noun a i ʻole kahi huaʻōlelo (prepositions, conjunctions, question particles). Laʻana: Fi (فِي - in).
2. Hana ʻia ka ʻōlelo (Al-Jumla)
ʻElua ʻano huaʻōlelo ma ka ʻōlelo ʻAlapia, i wehewehe ʻia e ke ʻano o ka huaʻōlelo a lākou e hoʻomaka ai:
A. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo nominal (Al-Jumla Al-Ismiyya)
He huaʻōlelo kēia e hoʻomaka me ka Noun. ʻElua mau pou kumu:
- ʻO ka Mubtada' (ke kumuhana / kumuhana e kūkākūkāʻia nei).
- ʻO ka Khabar (ka ʻike i hāʻawi ʻia e pili ana i kēia kumuhana).
Laʻana: الرَّجُلُ طَوِيلٌ (Ar-rajulu tawilun) = ʻO ke kanaka (he) lōʻihi. E hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "to be" i kēia manawa ma ka ʻōlelo ʻAlapia!
B. ʻO ka ʻōlelo waha (Al-Jumla Al-Fi'liyya)
He huaʻōlelo kēia e hoʻomaka me ka Wehe. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻōlelo maʻamau ma ka ʻōlelo ʻAlapia mai ka ʻōlelo Pelekania (Subject-Verb-Object). Ma ka ʻōlelo ʻAlapia, ʻo ke kauoha Verb + Subject + Object (VSO).
- Fi'l: ʻO ka huaʻōlelo.
- Faʻil: Ke kumuhana (ka mea e hana ana i ka hana).
- Mafʻul bihi: ʻO ka mea pololei (ka mea e hana ana i ka hana).
Laʻana: أَكَلَ الوَلَدُ تُفَّاحَةً (Akala al-waladu tuffahatan) = ʻAi ke keiki i ka ʻāpala.
3. ʻO ka puʻuwai o ka grammar: Declensions (Al-I'rab)
ʻO kēia ka lula koʻikoʻi a kaulana o ka grammar Arabic. I'rabʻo ia ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka vowel hope o ka huaʻōlelo ma muli o kāna kuleana grammatical i loko o ka ʻōlelo. Mahalo i kēia vowel hope i ʻike ai ʻo wai ke kumuhana a ʻo wai ka mea, ʻoiai inā hoʻohuli ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho huaʻōlelo.
| Hiʻohiʻona Gramatic | Hana (laʻana) | Vowel hope (hōʻailona) | Laʻana paʻakū |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative (Marfu') | ʻO ke kumuhana (Faʻil), ka Mubtada' | ʻO Damma ( ُ ) / "u" kani | Al-waladu (الولدُ) - Ke keikikāne (kumuhana) |
| Hoʻopiʻi (Mansub) | ʻO ka mea pololei (Mafʻul bihi) | Fatha ( َ ) / "a" kani | Al-walada (الولدَ) - Ke keikikāne (mea) |
| Genitive (Majrur) | Ma hope o kahi preposition, a kuleana paha | Kasra ( ِ ) / "i" kani | Al-waladi (الولدِ) - No/i ke keikikāne |
4. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana morphological (Root and Pattern)
No ka hoʻomāhuahua ʻana i kāna mau huaʻōlelo, hilinaʻi ka ʻōlelo Arab i kahi ʻōnaehana akamai: triliteral roots(ʻekolu hua kumu). ʻAneʻane loaʻa nā huaʻōlelo ʻAlapia mai kahi kumu o ʻekolu consonants e lawe ana i ka manaʻo nui.
Ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kēia mau leka ʻekolu i loko o nā "molds" like ʻole, loaʻa iā mākou nā huaʻōlelo he nui mai ka ʻohana semantic hoʻokahi (hiki mai kēia mau leka mai ka Arabic alphabet). E lawe kākou i ke kumu K-T-B (ك ت ب), ʻo ia ka manaʻo o ke kākau ʻana:
- KaTaBa = Ua kākau ʻo ia (ka huaʻōlelo).
- KaaTiB = He mea kākau (ke kumuhana o ka hana).
- maKTuB = Written, a letter (the object).
- maKTaB = He keʻena/pākaukau (kahi o ka hana).
- KiTaaB = He puke.
Nā nīnau i nīnau pinepine ʻia (FAQ)
He aha ka pilikia nui o ka grammar Arabic?
No ka mea kamaʻilio ʻole, ʻo ka luʻu nui loa ʻo ka assimilation i ka ʻōnaehana declension (I'rab) ma ka waha. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma ka ʻōlelo ʻōlelo (dialectal, ʻike dialectal differents in Arabic), ua nalowale kēia mau hopena, akā pono lākou e heluhelu a ʻōlelo pololei i ka Modern Standard Arabic.
Pehea ka hui ʻana o nā huaʻōlelo ma ka ʻōlelo ʻAlapia?
ʻAʻole like me ka ʻōlelo Pelekania he nui nā manaʻo, ʻelua wale nō ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi ʻo Arabic:ka hemolele(Al-Madi), no ka hana i hoʻopau ʻia (i unuhi pinepine ʻia e like me ka wā i hala), a meka hemahema(Al-Mudari'), no kahi hana hoʻomau a i ʻole ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa i nā lula grammar?
ʻAe, e like me kēlā me kēia ʻōlelo! Aia kekahi, no ka laʻana, nā huaʻōlelo e hōʻole i ka lawe ʻana i ka Kasra (ka "i" kani) ma ka hihia genitive, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Mamnu' min as-sarf" (diptotes). Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka makemakika a me ka maʻamau ma mua o ka grammar English.
Na Mea Hana Arab & Nā kumuwaiwai
Nā mea hana pono pūnaewele e hoʻomaikaʻi i kāu ʻano kikokiko ʻōlelo Arabic, unuhi, a me ka ʻike aʻo:
- Alapia Keyboard Online – e paʻi maʻalahi i nā huaʻōlelo ʻAlapia me kā mākou papa keyboard virtual akamai.
- Unuhi ʻAlapia ma ka pūnaewele – unuhi koke i nā huaʻōlelo ʻAlapia, nā ʻōlelo, a me nā kikokikona.
- Ka mea hoʻololi kikokikona ʻAlapia – hoʻoponopono i ka hana ʻana a me ka kuhikuhi ʻana i ka palapala ʻōlelo Arabic no ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana.
Ka hopena
ʻO ke aʻo ʻananā lula grammar Arabiche huakaʻi hoʻohiwahiwa e koi ai i ka ikaika akā e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka uku nui. Ke aʻo ʻoe i ke akamai o ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻano huaʻōlelo ʻekolu, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻōlelo waha, a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka vowel hope (I'rab), e wehe ākea ʻia ka puka o nā mele kahiko, nā palapala, a me nā kikokikona hoʻomana. ʻO ke kī i ka holomua? E hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka loiloi ʻōlelo (I'rab) e like me ka hiki!
No ka hoʻomaka ʻana e paʻi a hoʻomaʻamaʻa koke, e hoʻāʻo i kā mākou pāpā ʻōlelo Arabic manuahi ma ka pūnaewele.