Ikhibhodi yesiArabhu
Iiyantlukwano zeDiyalectal ngesiArabhu: Isikhokelo sokuqonda iiNdawo zoMmandla
Ulwimi lwesiArabhu luhlala lubonwa njengebhloko edibeneyo ekwabelwana ngayo ngamakhulu ezigidi zabantu abathethayo. Nangona kunjalo, ubunyani bolwimi emhlabeni buhluke kakhulu. Ukwahluka kolwimi zoba umfanekiso onomtsalane wenkcubeko apho igama elisetyenziswe eCasablanca lingaqondwa kakuhle eBaghdad. Le yantlukwano ibandakanya ukutyeba kunye nokuntsonkotha kwesiArabhu esithethwa mihla le.
Kubafundi, abahambi, okanye iingcali, ukuzulazula kwezi zahluko kunokubhida. Esi sikhokelo sipheleleyo sicacisa isenzeko se-diglossia kunye neenkcukacha zamaqela amakhulu eelwimi zesi-Arabhu.
1. I-Phenomenon ye-Diglossia: i-Standard Arabic vs. Dialects
Ukuze uqonde umahluko we-dialectal, umntu kufuneka aqale abambe ingqikelelo yediglossia, eye yabumba imbali yolwimi lwesi-Arabhu. Ilizwe lama-Arabhu lihlala phantsi kwenkqubo apho iintlobo ezimbini zolwimi olufanayo zihlala:
- IsiArabhu soMgangatho wanamhlanje (MSA) / Al-Fusha: Olu lulwimi olusemthethweni, oluqhelekileyo, nolubhaliweyo. Isetyenziswa ezincwadini, kumaphephandaba, kwiintetho zezopolitiko, kwezemfundo nakwiindaba zikamabonwakude. Wonke umntu uyayiqonda ngenxa yemfundo yesikolo, kodwa akukho mntu uyithetha njengolwimi lwakhe lweenkobe.
- I-Colloquial Arabic / Al-Amiya okanye iDarija: Olu lulwimi lwentliziyo, ikhaya, isitrato, iingoma, kunye neengxoxo zemihla ngemihla. Ngokuqhelekileyo ayicwangciswanga ngokubhaliweyo kwaye yahluka kakhulu ukusuka komnye ummandla ukuya komnye.
2. Amaqela amaNe aMane eeLwimi zeHlabathi zama-Arabhu
Nangona ilizwe ngalinye linobuqili balo, iingcali zeelwimi ngokubanzi zidibanisa isiArabhu kwiintsapho ezine eziphambili zejografi:
IMaghrebi (Darija)
Ithethwa eMorocco, eAlgeria, eTunisia, naseLibya, ulwimi lwesiMaghrebi lwahlulwa ngempembelelo enamandla evela eBerber (Tamazight), kunye nokubolekwa okukhulu kweFrench kunye neSpanish. Iifonetiki zayo ziphawulwa ngokukhutshwa okuqinileyo kwezikhamiso ezimfutshane, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ikhawuleze kwaye kube nzima ukuyiqonda kuma-Arabhu akuMbindi Mpuma.
UmYiputa (Masri)
Enkosi kwimpembelelo yembali ye-cinema yase-Egypt, umculo (Umm Kulthum), kunye nochungechunge lukamabonakude, ulwimi lwaseCairo sesona siqondwa ngokubanzi kulo lonke ilizwe lama-Arabhu. Uphawu lwayo oludumileyo kukubizwa kweletaJeem (ج) njengento enzima "G" (njenge "sango").
ILevantine (Chami)
Ulwimi lwaseLevantine luthethwa eLebhanon, eSiriya, eJordan nasePalestina, ludla ngokugqalwa njengento ethambileyo nemnandi. Igcine umkhondo wesiAramiki (ulwimi lwakudala lwalo mmandla) kwaye ibonakalisa amagama ahlukileyo ahluke kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni usesixekweni okanye emaphandleni.
IGulf (Khaliji) kunye ne-Iraqi
Ithethwa eSaudi Arabia, kwi-United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, naseOman, iKhaliji ihlala ikufutshane ngefonetiki nangegrama kwisi-Arabhu sakudala kunezinye iilwimi, ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa ngokwejografi yembali kasingasiqithi.
Uthelekiso lolwimi: ILizwi elinye, iiNyaniso ezininzi
Ukubonisa ngokubonakalayo lo mahluko wezizwana, nantsi indlela ezinye amagama aqhelekileyo esiArabhu aguqulelwa ngokuxhomekeke kummandla:
| IsiFrentshi | IsiArabhu esiqhelekileyo (Fusha) | IsiMaghrebi (Darija) | UmYiputa | Levantine |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Icomo estas? | Kayfa haluk? | Kifach daier? / Labhas? | Izzayak? (m) / Izzayik? (f) | Kifak? (m) / Kifik? (f) |
| Ingaba ufuna ntoni? | Madha turid? | Chno bghiti? | Ewe eh? | Chou baddak? |
| Ngoku | Al-An | Daba / Tawa | Delwa'ti | Hala' |
| Kakhulu / Kakhulu | Jiddan | Bezzaf / Barcha | Awi | Kteer |
3. Kutheni kukho Umahluko Ongaka?
Ukuvela kwezi zintlukwano kunokuchazwa zizinto ezintathu eziphambili:
- I-substrate yeelwimi: Xa ulwimi lwesi-Arabhu lusasazeka ngexesha loloyiso lwamaSilamsi, lwaziphakamisa kwiilwimi zasekuhlaleni esele zithethwa (iCoptic eYiputa, isiFenike kunye nesiAramaic eLevant, iBerber eMntla Afrika). Ezi lwimi zabangela ukuba kube lula ukuthetha isiArabhu esithethwa apho.
- Ubukoloniyali kunye nembali yanamhlanje: Amaza empembelelo evela kuBukhosi base-Ottoman, elandelwa yi-colonizations yamaFrentshi, iBritane, ne-Italian, afaka amakhulu amagama aseYurophu kwisigama semihla ngemihla.
- IJografi: Imigama emikhulu kunye nezithintelo zendalo (iintlango, iintaba) abantu ababehlala bebodwa ngokwembali, bekhetha indaleko yolwimi oluzimeleyo.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (FAQ)
Sisiphi isiyelelane sesiArabhu ofanele usifunde kuqala?
Ukhetho luxhomekeke kwiinjongo zakho. Ukuba ujonge idiplomacy, ishishini lehlabathi, okanye imidiya, iModern Standard Arabic ibalulekile. Ukuba ufuna ukunxibelelana ngokulula kubomi bemihla ngemihla kuyo yonke indawo, i-Egypt okanye iLevantine lukhetho oluhle kakhulu ngenxa yenqanaba labo eliphezulu lokuqonda okufanayo.
Ngaba ama-Arabhu amabini avela kumazwe ahlukeneyo ahlala eqondana?
Ngokubanzi, ewe. Nangona iDarija yaseMoroccan ecocekileyo inokubangela iingxaki kumhlali waseDubai, zombini izithethi ziya kuziqhelanisa ngokwemvelo ulwimi lwazo (into ebizwa ngokuba yiindawo yokuhlala yeelwimi) ngokusebenzisa amagama asondele kwisi-Egypt okanye isi-Arabhu sakudala ukuze siqondane.
Ngaba isiyelelane sibhalwe kwi-Intanethi?
Ewe, ngokukhulu. Ngokufika kweenethiwekhi zentlalo kunye nee-apps zokuthumela imiyalezo, iziyelelane zibhalwa kakhulu kunanini na ngaphambili, ngokufuthi kusetyenziswa ialfabhethi yesiArabhu okanye "Araby" (Arabizi) -inkqubo esebenzisa oonobumba besiLatini kunye namanani (njenge-3 ye-'ayn okanye i-7 ye-ha) ukukhuphela izandi zesi-Arabhu.
Kucetyiswa iZixhobo zesiArabhu & Izibonelelo
Izixhobo eziyimfuneko ezikwi-intanethi zokuphucula ukuchwetheza kwakho kwesiArabhu, uguqulelo, kunye namava okufunda:
- Ikhibhodi yesiArabhu ekwi-Intanethi – chwetheza oonobumba besiArabhu ngokulula ngekhibhodi yethu ekrelekrele enenyani.
- Umguquli wesiArabhu kwi-Intanethi – guqulela amagama esiArabhu, izivakalisi, kunye nezicatshulwa ngoko nangoko.
- Isiguquli sombhalo wesiArabhu – lungisa ukumila kweskripthi sesiArabhu kunye nesalathiso soyilo kunye nezixhobo zokuhlela.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukusondela kwiiyantlukwano zezizwana zolwimi lwesi-Arabhu akufuneki kubonwe njengomqobo, kodwa njengendawo yokungena kwiyantlukwano engakholelekiyo yenkcubeko yelizwe lama-Arabhu. I-Classical Arabic idibanisa iingqondo ngokubhala, ngelixa iilwimi zidibanisa iintliziyo ngentetho. Ubuchule okanye ukuqonda ngokulula ezi bhulorho zolwimi sisitshixo sokufumana ukuntywiliselwa ngokwenyani phakathi kwezithethi.
Ukuqala ukuchwetheza nokuziqhelanisa kwangoko, zama ikhibhodi yesiArabic yasimahla kwi-intanethi.