Keyboard ʻAlapia
ʻApika Calligraphy: The Sacred Art of the Letter and Movement
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā hōʻike kiʻi kiʻekiʻe loa o ka honua Islam, Kaligraphy Arabic(a i ʻoleKhatt) hele loa ma mua o ka hana maʻalahi o ka unuhi ʻana i nā kikokikona. ʻO ia ke akamai o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke ʻano nani a me ka ʻuhane i nā huaʻōlelo. Ua ulana ʻia i loko o ka mōʻaukala, ka hoʻolālā ʻana, a me ka hoʻomana, hoʻololi ia i ke kākau ʻana i hula o nā laina geometric a me nā ʻāpana kūlike.
Ua kākau ʻia ma ka papa inoa ʻo UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage, ua hoʻopio ka calligraphy Arabic i nā mea aloha kiʻi honua. Ke kono nei kēia alakaʻi piha iā ʻoe e ʻimi i kona kumu a me ka evolution of Arabic writing through the century, kona ʻano hiʻona, a me nā mea hana kuʻuna e pono ai ke aʻo ʻana.
1. ʻO ke kumu o ka palapala kākau ʻōlelo Arabic: ma waena o ka mea kapu a me ka nani
Ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o Islam i ke kenekulia 7, ua hilinaʻi nui ka moʻomeheu o ka Peninsula Arabian i kahi kuʻuna waha a me ka poetic. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka kikokikona kapu o ka Quran i hoʻopilikia i kēia paradigm, e hana ana i kahi koi wikiwiki e hoʻopaʻa i ka ʻōlelo akua me ka hanohano ʻike nui loa.
Mai kēia manaʻo ʻuhane i hānau ʻia ai ka calligraphy Arabic. No ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā kiʻi kiʻi (nā kiʻi o ke kanaka a i ʻole nā mea akua) i nā wahi hoʻomana, ua hoʻokomo nā mea hana kiʻi Muslim a me nā mea hana lima i kā lākou mea hana a pau i ka hana o ka leka. No laila ua lilo ka mea kākau i mea hana nui i ka mālama moʻomeheu.
— Traditional Arabic proverb
2. ʻO nā ʻano nui o ka Calligraphy Arabic
I loko o nā kenekulia a ma nā wahi like ʻole (mai Andalusia a hiki i nā palena o Peresia), ua hoʻoponopono ʻia nā ʻano kākau ʻokoʻa e ka poʻe akamai calligraphers. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i ʻelua ʻohana nui: nā ʻano angular (geometric) a me nā ʻano cursive (fluid).
ʻO ke ʻano Kufic
Mai ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Kufa ma Iraq, ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano kahiko loa. Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Kufic no ke kope ʻana i nā manuscript Quranic mua a no nā kiʻi monumental i kālai ʻia ma nā paia o ka hale pule.
ʻO ke ʻano Naskh
Ke ʻike ʻia nei ma kahi o ke kenekulia 10, ʻo Naskh kahi ʻano cursive o ka legible kiʻekiʻe. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi a me ka pōʻai ma mua o Kufic, ua lilo koke ia i ke ʻano maʻamau no ke kope kope ʻana i nā puke a me ka Quran. Mai kēia kaila i loaʻa mai ai ka hapa nui o nā nā kikokikona ʻAlapia.
ʻO ke ʻano Thuluth
ʻO Thuluth (ʻo ia hoʻi "hoʻokahi hapakolu") ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ke ʻano hanohano a paʻakikī loa e haku. ʻO ka nani loa, me nā leka o nā laina liʻiliʻi a me nā laina i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, mālama nui ʻia no nā poʻo inoa, nā palapala hoʻolālā nui, a me nā hana hoʻonaninani.
ʻO nā ʻano Diwani a me Nastaliq
Diwani, i hoʻomohala ʻia ma ka ʻaha ʻo Ottoman, ua ʻike ʻia e ka nani hoʻopono o kāna mau leka kokoke. ʻO Nastaliqma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka makamae o ka pena kaʻa Persian. Me ka wai nui loa, hāʻawi ia i ka manaʻo e lele ana nā huaʻōlelo ma luna o ka ʻaoʻao.
Hōʻuluʻulu o nā ʻano kākau nui
| Kāhua Kāleka | Nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻona | Hoʻohana mua |
|---|---|---|
| Kufic | Geometric, paakiki, angular | Nā monuments kahiko, nā Quran mua |
| Naskh | Waiwai, kaulike, hiki ke heluhelu | Nā puke, nā paʻi, nā Quran hou |
| Thuluth | Monumental, interlaced, majestic | ʻO ka hoʻonani mosque, nā inoa |
| Nastaliq | Slanted, poetic, wai nui loa | palapala Persian a me Urdu |
3. ʻO nā mea hana kuʻuna o ka Luna Calligrapher
Pono ka hana o Khatti nā mea kani kūikawā, ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ʻia no nā kenekulia, e pāʻani ana i kahi ʻāpana piha i ka hana hoʻomohala.
- ʻO ka Reed Pen (Qalam):ʻO ke aliʻi o nā mea hana. He ohe ia ma kahi kihi. ʻO ka laulā a me ke kihi o ka ʻāpana o ka piko e hoʻoholo ai i ka mānoanoa o nā kaha kākau.
- ʻO ka Inika (Midad): Hana ʻia me ka soot kukui a me ka gum arabic, hāʻawi ia i kahi waihoʻoluʻu ʻeleʻele hohonu a maikaʻi loa.
- Ka Likka: He pūʻulu siliki maka i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka lua ʻīnika. Hoʻohana ia i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka nui o ka inika i hoʻomoʻa ʻia e ka qalam e pale ai i ka blotting ma ka pepa.
- Ka Pepa (Ahar): He pepa i uhi ʻia me ka hui ʻana o ka hua keʻokeʻo a me ka alum, a laila hoʻolani ʻia. ʻO kēia hoʻomākaukau ʻana e hiki ai i ka qalam ke holo wikiwiki a hāʻawi i ka hiki ke ʻoki i ka inika e hoʻoponopono i nā hewa.
Nā nīnau i nīnau pinepine ʻia (FAQ)
Hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo i ka calligraphy Arabic me ka ʻole o ka ʻōlelo ʻana i ka ʻōlelo?
ʻAe, ʻoiaʻiʻo. Nui nā mea pena kiʻi o kēia wā i lawe i kēia kiʻi no kona ʻano nani a me ka geometric. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i ka alphabet Arabic a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā leka e maʻalahi i ke aʻo ʻana.
Pehea e ana ʻia ai nā ʻāpana i ka calligraphy Arabic?
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana maʻamau o ka proportionality (codified e ka vizier Ibn Muqla) i hoʻokumu ʻia ma karhombic dot(he ʻano daimana i hana ʻia e ka piko o ka qalam). Ana ʻia ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka laulā o kēlā me kēia leka ma ka helu o nā kiko (no ka laʻana, ʻo ka Alif maʻamau he 3, 5, a i ʻole 7 mau kiko ke kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ke ʻano).
He aha ka "Calligraffiti"?
He neʻe hana noʻeau ia e hoʻohui i nā lula kuʻuna o ka calligraphy Arabic me nā ʻenehana graffiti a me nā hana kiʻi kūlanakauhale hou. ʻO nā mea pena e like me eL Seed he mau ʻelele kūpono o kēia.
Na Mea Hana Arab & Nā kumuwaiwai
Nā mea hana pono pūnaewele e hoʻomaikaʻi i kāu ʻano kikokiko ʻōlelo Arabic, unuhi, a me ka ʻike aʻo:
- Alapia Keyboard Online – e paʻi maʻalahi i nā huaʻōlelo ʻAlapia me kā mākou papa keyboard virtual akamai.
- Unuhi ʻAlapia ma ka pūnaewele – unuhi koke i nā huaʻōlelo ʻAlapia, nā ʻōlelo, a me nā kikokikona.
- Ka mea hoʻololi kikokikona ʻAlapia – hoʻoponopono i ka hana ʻana a me ka kuhikuhi ʻana i ka palapala ʻōlelo Arabic no ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana.
Ka hopena
Kaligraphy Arabiche alahaka i kūkulu ʻia ma waena o ka wā kahiko a me kēia manawa, ka honua a me ka laʻa. Inā ʻike ʻia ma ka palapala kahiko a i pena ʻia paha ma ka paia o kahi metropolis o kēia wā, e paʻa mau ana kona mana hoihoi. No ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ʻaʻohe pono o nā mea waiwai: he qalam bamboo, kahi ʻīnika, a me kahi ʻano hoʻomanawanui maikaʻi ua lawa ia e hoʻomaka ai i ka haku ʻana i kēia ʻano o ka laina maʻemaʻe.
No ka hoʻomaka ʻana e paʻi a hoʻomaʻamaʻa koke, e hoʻāʻo i kā mākou pāpā ʻōlelo Arabic manuahi ma ka pūnaewele.