Arabic Keyboard
Arabic Grammar Mitemo: Yakazara uye Yakarerutswa Gwaro
Mutauro wechiArabu une mukurumbira wekuoma kunzwisisa, asi unotova mumwe wemitauro ine musoro uye yemasvomhu pasi rose. Mitemo yegirama yechiArab (inodanwa kuti Al-Qawa'id) inobva pahurongwa hunoshamisa. Kana uchinge wabata mashandisirwo ayo makuru, unenge uine kiyi yekududzira chero zvinyorwa zvekare, kubva kuKorani kuenda kuzvinyorwa zvemazuva ano.
Arabic girama yakakamurwa kuita sainzi huru mbiri: Nahw ( syntax, kureva, basa remazwi mumutsara uye magumo awo) uye Sarf ( morphology, i.e., chimiro chemukati chemazwi). Gwaro iri rinopa misimboti yakakosha yekuziva kuti utange zvakanaka.
1. Iwo matatu mapoka emazwi (Aqsam Al-Kalima)
Kusiyana neChirungu chinosiyanisa mazita, zvirevo, zviito, zvirevo, zvibatanidzi, nezvimwewo, chiArabic chinorerutsa kupatsanura. Izwi rega rega (Kalima) mumutauro wechiArabic rinofanira kuva reimwe yeaya mapoka matatu :
- The Noun (Ism - اسم): Inosanganisira zvatinodaidza mumazita echiRungu (murume, imba), zvipauro (kureba, kunaka), zvirevo (iye, ini), uye zvirevo zvenguva/nzvimbo (nhasi, pamberi). Zita muchiArabic rinogona kutora chivakashure "Al" (ال) kana kuti "Tanwin" (mavhawero maviri kumagumo).
- Izwi rechiito (Fi'l - فعل): Rinoratidza chiito chakabatana nenguva (yapfuura, yazvino/ramangwana, kana kuti inodiwa). Muenzaniso: Kataba (كَتَبَ - akanyora).
- Chikamu (Harf - حرف): Aya mazwi madiki asingashanduki anongove nechirevo chakakwana kana akabatana nezita kana chiito (prepositions, conjunctions, question particles). Muenzaniso: Fi (فِي - mu).
2. Kuvaka mutsara (Al-Jumla)
Kune marudzi maviri emitsara muchiArabic, anotsanangurwa nemhando yezwi ravanotanga naro:
A. Mutsara wezita (Al-Jumla Al-Ismiyya)
Uyu mutsara unotanga neNoun. Kazhinji inoumbwa nembiru mbiri dzinokosha:
- The Mubtada' (nyaya/dingindira riri kukurukurwa).
- Iyo Khabar (ruzivo rwakapihwa nezvenyaya iyi).
Muenzaniso: الرَّجُلُ طَوِيلٌ (Ar-rajulu tawilun) = Murume (ari) murefu. Ziva kuti izwi rechiito rekuti "kuva" muchimiro chazvino harina kutaurwa muchiArabic!
B. Mutsara wezwi (Al-Jumla Al-Fi'liyya)
Uyu mutsara unotanga neVerb. Kurongeka kwemazwi echinyakare muchiArabic kwakasiyana zvakanyanya neChirungu (Subject-Verb-Object). MuchiArabic, kurongeka ndekweVerb + Subject + Object (VSO).
- Fi'l: Izwi rechiito.
- Fa'il: Musoro (uyo ari kuita chiitiko).
- Maf'ul bihi: Chinhu chakananga (uyo ari kuita chiito).
Muenzaniso: أَكَلَ الوَلَدُ تُفَّاحَةً (Akala al-waladu tuffahatan) = Mukomana akadya apuro.
3. Mwoyo wegirama: Declensions (Al-I'rab)
Uyu ndiwo mutemo wakakosha uye une mukurumbira wegirama yechiArab. I’rabhi ishanduko yevhawero rekupedzisira rezwi zvichienderana nebasa raro regirama mumutsara. Kutenda kuvhawero iri rekupedzisira kuti tinoziva kuti ndiani ari musoro uye kuti chinhu chacho ndiani, kunyange kana kurongeka kwezwi kwakadzoserwa.
| Grammatical Case | Basa (muenzaniso) | Vowel yekupedzisira (Chiratidzo) | Concrete muenzaniso |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative (Marfu') | Nyaya (Yakundikana), Mubtada' | Damma ( ُ ) / "u" inzwi | Al-waladu (الولدُ) - Mukomana (chidzidzo) |
| Anopomera mhosva (Mansub) | Chinhu chakananga (Maf'ul bihi) | Fatha ( َ ) / "a" inzwi | Al-walada (الولدَ) - Mukomana (chinhu) |
| Genitive (Majrur) | Pashure pechivakashure, kana kuti kuva nacho | Kasra ( ِ ) / "i" inzwi | Al-waladi (الولدِ) - Ye/kumukomana |
4. The morphological system (Mudzi nePateni)
Kupfumisa mazwi ayo, mutauro wechiArabu unovimba nehurongwa hwehungwaru:mitatu mitatu midzi (mabhii matatu ehwaro). Anenge ese mazwi echiArab anobva pamudzi wemakonzonendi matatu anotakura pfungwa huru.
Nekuisa mabhii matatu aya mu "molds" (patterns), tinowana mashoko akawanda kubva kumhuri imwe chete ye semantic (mavara aya anobva kuArabic alphabet). Ngatitore mudzi weK-T-B (ك ت ب), inotakura pfungwa yekunyora:
- KaTaBa = Akanyora (chiito).
- KaaTiB = Munyori (nyaya yechiito).
- maKTuB = Yakanyorwa, tsamba (chinhu).
- maKTaB = Ihofisi / dhesiki (nzvimbo yechiito).
- KiTaaB = Bhuku.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa (FAQ)
Ndeipi dambudziko guru regirama yechiArab?
Kumunhu asiri chizvarwa chekutaura, dambudziko guru ndere kuenzanisa iyo declension system (I'rab) nemuromo. Chokwadi, mumutauro unotaurwa (dialectal, ona misiyano yemutauro wechiArabic), magumo aya akanyangarika, asi anosungirwa kuverenga nekutaura Modern Standard Arabic nemazvo.
Mazwi echiito anobatanidzwa sei muchiArabic?
Kusiyana neChirungu chine nguva dzakawanda, chiArabic chinongova nezvikamu zviviri zvikuru:zvakakwana ( Al-Madi ), nokuda kwechiito chakapedzwa (chinowanzoshandurwa sechinyakare chakapfuura), uyechisina kukwana ( Al-Mudari’), nokuda kwechiito chinopfuurira kana chiri mberi (chiripo/remangwana).
Pane zvisizvo here kumitemo yegirama?
Hungu, sezvakaita mumutauro upi noupi! Kune, semuenzaniso, mazwi anoramba kutakura Kasra (iyo "i" ruzha) mune genitive kesi, inonzi "Mamnu' min as-sarf" (diptotes). Nekudaro, girama rechiArab rinoramba riri pasi rose zvakanyanya masvomhu uye akajairwa kupfuura girama yeChirungu.
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Mhedziso
KudzidzaMitemo yegirama yechiArab irwendo runonakidza runoda kusimba asi runoratidza kuti kune mibayiro yakanyanyisa. Kana uchinge wagona hunyanzvi hwekuziva marudzi matatu emazwi, kurongeka kwechirevo chemazwi, uye shanduko yekupedzisira yevhawero (I'rab), musuwo wenhetembo dzechinyakare, zvinyorwa, uye zvinyorwa zvechitendero zvichakuzarurirwa zvakanyanya. Kiyi yekubudirira? Dzidzira chirevo chekuongorora (I'rab) nguva dzose sezvinobvira!
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